Crystalline silica: when it is dangerous and how to avoid its damage

Since 2020, it has been classified as a carcinogen. The most common risk is silicosis, which can cause serious lung problems.

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crystalline silica

CRYSTALLINE SILICA

Silica is a crystalline compound of silicon. Free crystalline silica is present in many forms, including quartz, marble, and chalk, and since 1997 has been classified as a risky product for those exposed to frequent contact with this material. The greatest risk is developing silicosis, a disease that affects the lungs and causes a type of permanent scarring. This can lead to breathing difficulties and shortness of breath, which tend to worsen over time and with age.

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WHERE IT IS USED

Silica is widely used primarily in the mining industry, for ceramics, glass, plastics, and rubber. But it is also used in jewelry production, construction, and the production of some medicines.

WHEN IS IT DANGEROUS

Since 2020, free crystalline silica, which refers to all crystalline phases of silicon dioxide, has been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the European Union. Materials containing silica are hazardous to human health when subjected to dry processing, which can release dust . The risk increases with the amount of silica inhaled and the length of exposure. The European Union has set the limit for respirable silica dust, during an eight-hour work shift, at 0,1 milligrams/m3.

WHERE IT HITS

The two areas most affected by silica are the lungs and kidneys.

SILICOSIS

Silicosis can be of three types: chronic, which develops after many years of exposure (even after 10-15 years); acute or accelerated, when it appears suddenly and progresses very rapidly; and conglomerate, when it causes the onset of fibrous masses.

SYMPTOMS

The three most common symptoms of silicosis are:

  • Breathing difficulties, which can be of varying degrees
  • A persistent cough, which seems to never pass
  • Weight loss
  • Feeling of oppression and pain in the chest
  • Small fractures at the nail level
  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Recurring tiredness and fatigue

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Silicosis is diagnosed first with a thorough examination by a specialist, a pulmonologist. This is followed by diagnostic testing: lung and chest X-rays, or a CT scan. In some cases, the doctor may order a lung biopsy. Unfortunately, silicosis is classified as an incurable disease, and the only treatment is to contain it. Therefore, the doctor may prescribe cortisone -based medications and bronchodilators. Significant benefits can be achieved through pulmonary rehabilitation. In the most severe cases, and when a donor is found, a lung transplant may be considered.

PREVENTION

The first form of prevention involves properly functioning extraction systems. Then there's adequate cleaning of the premises before, during, and after work shifts. Furthermore, constant ventilation of the workplace when using silica is essential, as well as the provision of a room where workers can dispose of silica dust residues before going home. And finally, personal protective equipment, such as specific masks to prevent breathing in silica dust, is essential.

STORIES OF EXPLOITATION AT WORK:

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