How to avoid papillomavirus

Vaccination is recommended after age 11. The risk of developing cancer is

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papilloma virus

Human papillomavirus

Il papilloma virus, Human Papilloma Virus, HPV, is a virus that belongs to the family of PapovaviridaeThis family includes over two hundred different forms of viruses, and their genetic material is stored in a double strand of circular DNA. These viruses can cause uncontrolled growth of skin and mucous membrane cells, leading to the formation of warts, papillomas, and condylomas, which are benign lesionsBut in some cases, one can contract strains of HPV capable of causing malignant lesions, particularly at the level of thegenital system and in upper respiratory tractHere's what you need to know about the human papillomavirus.

Il Human Papilloma Virus, commonly known as HPV, is an extremely common infection, transmitted primarily through sexual contact. Its presence is often asymptomatic, which means that many people may not be aware that they are infectedThe virus, however, can also cause benign lesions on the skin and mucous membranes.

But what are the consequences of HPV infection? If the immune system fails to fight the virus effectively, HPV can lead to development of tumors, including the cervical cancer.

This particular type of cancer it is the only one recognized as directly caused by a viral infection. Furthermore, HPV has been linked to the pathogenesis of other cancers that we will see later. But be careful: the papilloma virus is also common in men, contrary to what one might think, and Infection can occur even without intercourse.

Human Papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) in men is generally asymptomatic and doesn't cause long-term problems. However, in some cases, HPV can indeed cause serious complications in men as well. Transmission occurs primarily through sexual contact, and men can pass the virus on to their partners.

Men can develop warts genitals due to HPV, but most HPV infections in men do not cause symptoms. It should be considered, however, that in rare cases HPV can lead to penile tumors,year and gola. Prevention is, therefore, essential on both sides.

Human Papilloma Virus in Women

HPV is one of the most common infections among women. Although many HPV infections are asymptomatic and transient, in some cases they can manifest themselves through benign lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, commonly known as cervical sores.

One of the main concerns related to HPV in women is its link with tumor of the uterine cervix. Therefore, it is essential that women are aware of the risks associated with HPV and take preventive measures, such as vaccination and regular check-ups through screening or tests that we will see later.

In addition to cervical cancer, HPV has been associated with the pathogenesis of other tumors, like those of the mouthAlthough the source consulted does not provide further details on these tumors, it is essential that women are informed and adopt preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of serious complications.

SYMPTOMS

What happens if you have the human papillomavirus? The human papillomavirus can manifest itself in different ways in the human body. One of the most common manifestations of HPV infection is genital warts, which can appear in different areas of the body, such as the vagina, vulva, perineum andyear.

These warts, besides being a clear sign of infection, can cause discomfort in the form of pruritus and in some cases, painSome of these warts may have a distinctive appearance, similar to a “cockscomb”.

However, not all HPV strains cause visible symptoms. Some, particularly 16 strains e 18, can lead to asymptomatic lesions in the cervix. If these lesions progress to cancer, more serious symptoms may emerge, such as unusual vaginal bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse, or pain in the pelvic area.

HPV SYMPTOMS

  • Warts in the genital area
  • Itching sensation in the affected area
  • Pain during the sexual intercourse
  • Unusual vaginal bleeding
  • Pain in the pelvic area

It is crucial to remember that many infected people HPV-related infections may not show obvious symptoms. Therefore, it's essential to have regular medical checkups and participate in screening programs to identify and treat any HPV-related complications early.

DIAGNOSIS

Papilloma Virus is known to be a virus sneaky, as It can remain latent in the body for years without showing any obvious symptoms.However, it is essential to recognize the signs and undergo regular checkups to prevent possible complications.

The diagnosis of HPV infection occurs mainly through the PAP testThis exam, if performed regularly every 2 or 3 years, can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.

During the gynecological examination, cells are gently removed from the surface of the cervix and analyzed in a laboratory. This test can reveal cellular changes that could indicate the presence of HPV.

In recent years, the Pap test has been joined by theHPV DNA testThis molecular analysis allows us to identify the HPV types most commonly associated with the onset of cancer. Compared to the Pap test, the HPV-DNA test has proven more accurate in detecting precancerous changes, also offering earlier diagnosis. Therefore, it is recommended to perform it less frequently, approximately every 5 years.

PRIEST

The good news is that Many HPV infections resolve spontaneously without causing health problems. in the long term. The immune system plays a crucial role in eliminating the virus from the body.

However, there are cases where HPV can persist and lead to more serious complications, such as cancer. This is especially true for high-risk strains such as HPV 16 and 18These strains are associated with a high risk of developing tumors, particularly cervical cancer in women.

It's important to note that there is no specific cure for HPV, but there are treatments available for conditions caused by HPV, such as warts and precancerous lesions. These treatments may include: surgical procedures, topical medications o laser therapy. But it is the prevention to be the best weapon to our advantage.

HPV AND CANCER

There is no scientific certainty that the presence of a persistent HPV infection can then develop into a malignant tumorMost of the more than 200 HPV genotypes cause benign lesions, affecting the skin, or papillomas, affecting the genital and oral mucosa. Only a small percentage of genotypes, if untreated, can progress to cancer.

WHAT CAN CAUSE HPV?

HPV can have devastating effects on our health, and in particular causes:
  • The totality of anogenital warts in both men and women
  • 90 percent of the tumor to the anus in both sexes
  • 70 percent of vaginal cancers
  • 50 percent of penile cancers
  • 40 percent of vulvar cancers
  • 26 percent of oropharyngeal cancers, including cancers of the tonsils and base of the tongue.

HOW THE PAPILLOMA VIRUS IS TRANSMITTED

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a highly contagious virus, and its transmission occurs primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact. The most common route of transmission is through sexualThrough unprotected sexual intercourse, both vaginal and anal. However, you don't need to have full sexual intercourse to contract the virus: even simple genital contact can be sufficient.

HPV, although more rarely, can also spread through other routes. For example, it can be transmitted through sharing personal items like towels or razors that have come in contact with the leather infected. Furthermore, although rare, the virus can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during birth.

It's important to note that HPV is not transmitted through blood, saliva, or breast milk. Furthermore, it cannot be contracted through public restrooms or swimming pools. However, environments such as saunas or gyms, where it's easy to come into contact with moist surfaces, may pose a risk, although minimal.

VACCINE

La vaccination against human papilloma virus represents one of the responsibilities preventive measures to protect both women and men from complications associated with HPV. This vaccination is particularly Recommended for girls and boys aged 11 and up and it is offered for freeThe Ministry of Health's 2022 information campaign emphasizes the importance of this vaccination with the slogan "Protect their future".

HPV is an infectious virus for humans, with over 200 known variants. It is estimated that almost everyone contracts an HPV infection at least once in their lifetime. HPV infection can have a benign course, but in some cases it can lead to cancer, particularly cervical cancer. This tumor still causes over 1000 deaths per year in Italy..

HPV transmission, as mentioned, occurs primarily through sexual contact. Many people can contract the infection and remain carriers of the virus for a long time without realizing it. Factors such as:

They can increase the risk of developing the disease. To prevent infection, in addition to vaccination, it is essential to adhere to screening programs. cervical screening which provide for the Pap smear and the HPV DNA test.

In Italy, the HPV vaccination is administered in two doses 6 months apart for those starting the vaccination cycle before the age of 15If started later, the required doses are three. These vaccines protect against the 9 most dangerous HPV serotypes and can prevent over 90% of HPV-associated cancers.

PREVENTION

Prevention of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is essential to reduce the risk of infection and potential associated complications. Here are some key preventative measures to protect yourself from HPV:

  • Vaccination: HPV vaccination is one of the more effective tools to prevent infectionIn Italy, vaccination was introduced into the national vaccination schedule for girls born in 1997 and later. Since 2007, vaccination has also been extended to boys. Vaccination is free It is highly recommended to protect not only against the disease but also against its potential complications. Prevention is the key to protecting yourself from HPV. Men should consider getting vaccinated against HPV, especially if they are young or have not been previously exposed to the virus.
  • Screening: Regular participation in screening programs, such as PAP test For women, it can help identify precancerous lesions caused by HPV early. This allows for timely intervention and reduces the risk of developing cancer.
  • Safe sexual practices: The adoption of safe sexual behaviors, such as the use of the condom, can reduce the risk of HPV transmission. However, it is important to note that the condom does not offer complete protection, since HPV can infect areas not covered by condoms.
  • Information and EducationBeing informed about transmission routes, associated risks, and preventative measures is essential. Education and awareness can play a crucial role in HPV prevention.

In conclusion, HPV prevention requires a combined approach that includes vaccination, screening, and safe behaviors. Awareness and information are essential to protect yourself and others from the infection and its complications.

OTHER INFECTIONS TO PREVENT:

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