Migraine is one of the most common neurological diseases in the world. The most widely accepted estimates indicate that:
- In the world suffer from migraine about 1 billion people (About 1 in 7-8 people of the world population).
- In Europe It is of interest to 12-15% of the population, that is, tens of millions of people.
- In Italy It is estimated that approximately 6 million people (with a higher prevalence in women).
Migraine affects mainly women (about 2-3 times more often than men, also due to the role of hormones) and people between adolescence and middle age, although it can appear at any stage of life.
This is, unlike the headache, of a neurological disease characterized by recurrent attacks. It usually presents:
- throbbing pain (often on one side of the head, but not always);
- moderate to strong intensity;
- worsening with physical activity (walking, climbing stairs, moving around);
- nausea or vomiting;
- strong sensitivity to light, noises or smells;
- typical duration from 4 to 72 hours if left untreated.
in this Headache Centers They deal with the diagnosis and treatment of people with migraines and other types of headaches. The goal is not only to "turn off the pain" during the attack, but understand the type of migraine, reduce the frequency of episodes and improve the quality of life.
Typically the route includes:
1. Diagnosis and evaluation
Specialists (often neurologists with expertise in headaches) gather information about:
- frequency of attacks (how many days per month);
- duration and characteristics of pain;
- associated symptoms (nausea, aura, sensitivity to light and sounds);
- drugs already used and their effectiveness;
- any triggering factors.
They can ask to fill out a headache diary, useful for identifying patterns and assessing response to treatment.
2. Therapies for acute attacks
They serve to stop or reduce pain when a migraine arrives. They may include:
- analgesic or anti-inflammatory drugs selected by the doctor;
- specific medications for migraine, such as triptans;
- supportive care for nausea or other symptoms.
The choice depends on the type of migraine and the characteristics of the person.
3. Preventive therapies
If the attacks are frequent or very disabling, the center can propose preventive treatments, that is, treatments taken regularly to reduce:
- the number of attacks;
- the intensity of the pain;
- the use of medications as needed.
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